Question 1 of 10
Federalism is:
A all power to the national government
B all power to state governments
C power shared between national and state governments
D no government power
Explanation
📌 Power shared between national and state governments. Both have certain powers; some are shared (concurrent).
Question 2 of 10
The Industrial Revolution in America led to:
A decreased immigration
B smaller cities
C urbanization and factory growth
D return to farming
Explanation
📌 Shift from agriculture → manufacturing. Urbanization, factory system, new inventions, labor unions.
Question 3 of 10
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) doubled the size of the US. It was purchased from: 
A Mexico
B France
C Britain
D Spain
Explanation
📌 Napoleon's France sold it for $15 million. Doubled US territory. Lewis & Clark explored it.
Question 4 of 10
Manifest Destiny was the belief that: 
A America should join the British Empire
B expansion should stop at the Mississippi
C the US was destined to expand from coast to coast
D America should remain on the East Coast
Explanation
📌 Americans believed they were destined by God to expand across the continent from Atlantic to Pacific.
Question 5 of 10
The main cause of the American Revolution was:
A Land disputes with France
B Religious freedom
C Taxation without representation
D Slavery
Explanation
📌 'No taxation without representation.' Colonists were taxed by Parliament without having elected representatives.
Question 6 of 10
The first permanent English settlement in America was:
A Roanoke
B St. Augustine
C Plymouth
D Jamestown
Explanation
📌 Jamestown, Virginia (1607). Founded by the Virginia Company for economic reasons (gold, trade).
Question 7 of 10
The map shows territorial expansion of the US. Which acquisition is labeled X? 
A Gadsden Purchase
B Alaska Purchase
C Mexican Cession
D Louisiana Purchase
Explanation
📌 Area X (1848, Southwest including California) = Mexican Cession.
Acquired after the Mexican-American War through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Included: California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, parts of NM, CO, WY.
Acquired after the Mexican-American War through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Included: California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, parts of NM, CO, WY.
Question 8 of 10
The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by: 
A Thomas Jefferson
B Benjamin Franklin
C John Adams
D George Washington
Explanation
📌 Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
Adopted July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress.
Adopted July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress.
Question 9 of 10
The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction by:
A removing federal troops from the South
B starting the Civil War
C abolishing slavery
D passing the 15th Amendment
Explanation
📌 Hayes (R) became President in exchange for removing federal troops from the South. Ended Reconstruction. Led to Jim Crow laws.
Question 10 of 10
The Civil War was fought primarily over:
A Trade disputes
B Religious differences
C Slavery and states' rights
D Foreign invasion
Explanation
📌 Slavery and states' rights. Southern states seceded to preserve slavery. 1861-1865.