Question 1 of 10
The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction by:
A removing federal troops from the South
B abolishing slavery
C starting the Civil War
D passing the 15th Amendment
Explanation
📌 Hayes (R) became President in exchange for removing federal troops from the South. Ended Reconstruction. Led to Jim Crow laws.
Question 2 of 10
The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by: 
A George Washington
B Benjamin Franklin
C Thomas Jefferson
D John Adams
Explanation
📌 Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
Adopted July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress.
Adopted July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress.
Question 3 of 10
The main cause of the American Revolution was:
A Religious freedom
B Slavery
C Land disputes with France
D Taxation without representation
Explanation
📌 'No taxation without representation.' Colonists were taxed by Parliament without having elected representatives.
Question 4 of 10
The first permanent English settlement in America was:
A Jamestown
B Plymouth
C Roanoke
D St. Augustine
Explanation
📌 Jamestown, Virginia (1607). Founded by the Virginia Company for economic reasons (gold, trade).
Question 5 of 10
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) doubled the size of the US. It was purchased from: 
A France
B Britain
C Mexico
D Spain
Explanation
📌 Napoleon's France sold it for $15 million. Doubled US territory. Lewis & Clark explored it.
Question 6 of 10
Federalism is:
A all power to the national government
B all power to state governments
C no government power
D power shared between national and state governments
Explanation
📌 Power shared between national and state governments. Both have certain powers; some are shared (concurrent).
Question 7 of 10
Manifest Destiny was the belief that: 
A America should remain on the East Coast
B the US was destined to expand from coast to coast
C expansion should stop at the Mississippi
D America should join the British Empire
Explanation
📌 Americans believed they were destined by God to expand across the continent from Atlantic to Pacific.
Question 8 of 10
The Industrial Revolution in America led to:
A smaller cities
B urbanization and factory growth
C decreased immigration
D return to farming
Explanation
📌 Shift from agriculture → manufacturing. Urbanization, factory system, new inventions, labor unions.
Question 9 of 10
The Civil War was fought primarily over:
A Slavery and states' rights
B Foreign invasion
C Trade disputes
D Religious differences
Explanation
📌 Slavery and states' rights. Southern states seceded to preserve slavery. 1861-1865.
Question 10 of 10
The map shows territorial expansion of the US. Which acquisition is labeled X? 
A Gadsden Purchase
B Louisiana Purchase
C Mexican Cession
D Alaska Purchase
Explanation
📌 Area X (1848, Southwest including California) = Mexican Cession.
Acquired after the Mexican-American War through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Included: California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, parts of NM, CO, WY.
Acquired after the Mexican-American War through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Included: California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, parts of NM, CO, WY.